Febrile Neutropenia is defined by a single oral temperature of $38.3^\circ\text{C}$ or an elevated temperature sustained over one hour, concurrent with a dangerously low absolute neutrophil count (ANC). This condition is a potentially life-threatening complication, primarily associated with myelo-suppressive chemotherapy regimens, signifying a severe compromise of the body's primary defense against infection.

Rapid, aggressive management is mandatory for suspected **Febrile Neutropenia**, often requiring the immediate initiation of broad-spectrum empirical intravenous antibiotics before pathogen identification. Risk stratification, typically using scoring systems like the MASCC index, helps clinicians determine if initial management can be safely conducted in an outpatient setting or requires immediate hospitalization.

The urgency in treating **Febrile Neutropenia** stems from the rapid progression of infection to septic shock in an immunocompromised host. The absence of sufficient neutrophils means the traditional signs of inflammation, such as pus formation at an infection site, may be minimal or absent, delaying diagnosis. Therefore, fever alone is treated as a severe emergency. Initial empirical antibiotic selection must cover the most likely causative organisms, typically Gram-negative bacilli, including *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, which are associated with high mortality in this context. Monotherapy with an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam agent is a common starting protocol.

The diagnostic workup involves obtaining blood cultures from peripheral sites and any existing central venous access device prior to antibiotic administration, although the latter should not delay the start of therapy. Further investigations, such as chest radiography and urine analysis, are guided by clinical signs. The subsequent duration and type of antibiotic therapy are determined by the patient’s clinical response and the results of the microbial cultures. If fever persists despite 48-72 hours of initial therapy, reassessment is crucial, potentially necessitating the addition of anti-fungal agents or coverage for more resistant Gram-positive organisms, such as MRSA, based on local resistance patterns and the patient's clinical deterioration.